11/21/2023 0 Comments Soft organizer 5.03![]() ![]() For a given gap size, bridges were larger after the gap increased rather than decreased. Using field experiments and simulations, we characterize the bridges’ response as the gaps they span change in size, identify the control mechanism, and explore how this emerges from individuals’ decisions. How is dynamic control implemented in noisy, decentralized systems? Army ants’ self-assembled bridges are built on unstable features, like leaves, which frequently move. Our results provide insights into the power of implicit coordination and are of interest for future underwater robots that display collective capabilities on par with fish schools for applications such as environmental monitoring and search in coral reefs and coastal environments.īiological systems must adjust to changing external conditions, and their resilience depends on their control mechanisms. ![]() We show that complex and dynamic 3D collective behaviors-synchrony, dispersion/aggregation, dynamic circle formation, and search-capture-can be achieved by sensing minimal, noisy impressions of neighbors, without any centralized intervention. Here, we demonstrate 3D collective behaviors with a swarm of fish-inspired miniature underwater robots that use only implicit communication mediated through the production and sensing of blue light. By contrast, most underwater robot collectives rely on centralized, above-water, explicit communication and, as a result, exhibit limited coordination complexity. A wealth of experimental and theoretical work has shown that these complex three-dimensional (3D) behaviors can arise from visual observations of nearby neighbors, without explicit communication. Large schools display a range of impressive collective behaviors, from simple shoaling to collective migration and from basic predator evasion to dynamic maneuvers such as bait balls and flash expansion. Many fish species gather by the thousands and swim in harmony with seemingly no effort.
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